The crucial role of startups and entrepreneurship in modern societies is well understood. However, entrepreneurial projects differ greatly depending of various factors, notably in terms of the added value of the products or services they aim to bring to the market. Many of the most valuable business breakthroughs of the last few decades were brought about by companies built upon cutting-edge science and technology. In this course students will be exposed to the specificities of businesses that are born out of research and development (R&D) in areas – such as biotech, biomedicine, cleantech, foodtech and nanotech – and they will learn how to build a value proposition in such complex technological fields.